Into Unscientific

Observant readers may have spotted it.

In Xu Yun's previous experimental plan.

He first ruled out the possibility of excitation of lead ions in the same direction, and then planned how to screen out redundant charged particles.

But there is one more step that is not explained, that is

How can we collect isolated particles?

To know.

Many of today's so-called particles are actually very difficult—or not likely to be seen by the naked eye.

Like quarks.

Quarks are subatomic structures, and currently there is no microscope that can observe subatomic structures.

Even the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and its derived scanning probe microscope (SPM) have a resolution of 0.1nm and 0.01nm in the directions parallel to and perpendicular to the sample surface, respectively, and can still only resolve single atoms.

Just because of the principle of closed color, we can judge many of its characteristics.

For example, the meson can be obtained by combining the red Up quark with the anti-red anti-down quark.

Three colors or three anti-colors combine to get baryons etc.

At present, most of these particles smaller than atoms are just scattered particle signals collected by experiments such as large accelerators, and then use models to explain their properties.

That is, those particles do exist, but are hard to touch.

Except for a few cases such as protons and electrons, the generation of other particles requires certain technical skills.

As for lone particles?

Obviously not in the category of easy collection - even in the microscopic world, it has no "entity".

Therefore, if they want to process the ground state of isolated particles, Xu Yun and the others still need to solve one step after another:

That is how to 'catch' the isolated particle.

Only by 'capturing' the isolated particles can they be assembled and form the ground state.

Just like the example of the highway mentioned earlier, the prerequisite for a forklift to push all the cars together is that the car itself is an entity.

This seemingly simple concept in the real world is almost mentally handicapped, but it is a difficult problem in front of isolated point particles.

And Xu Yun's method of "capturing" solitary point particles alive.

There is an old saying in China.

It is called the person who needs to tie the bell to untie the bell.

It means that if you want to untie the chastity belt, you must let the person who locked the chastity belt come.

This sentence also applies to this experiment today.

As for the person who binds the bell of the isolated point particle, it is naturally the 4685Λ hyperon.

That's what happened in the tiny love story.

heroine.

It is because of the interaction between it (her) and the lone point particle that Academician Pan and the others observed the information of the lone point particle.

Just this time.

The task of the Λ hyperon is no longer to die for love with the isolated particle, but to attract the isolated particle together.

This step depends on.

The meson in the body of the Λ hyperon.

well known.

In physics, there are many ways to excite muons.

For example, Neon's T2K experiment uses proton flow to hit graphite to produce π mesons and kaons.

They then decay, producing mainly muons and muon neutrinos.

What Xu Yun designed this time is to let the Λ hyperon collide with the P-type semiconductor.

This method can generate mesons with a lifespan of 10^8 seconds, and these mesons can give isolated point particles a very short-term "entity" state—in the original particle love story, it was the 4685Λ hyperon that gave a meson, Only then is the lone point particle able to touch the body of the hyperon.

Relying on this short time, it is enough to enter the magneto-optical trap.

In a sense.

Is this also a beauty trick?

The line of sight returned to the channel of the experiment.

After screening by various means.

In the tunnel, there are only the isolated particle and the 4685Λ hyperon.

The two are mixed with each other, there is me in you, and you in me.

But soon.

With the activation of the preset program or code, a set of collimator starts to focus.

Mentioned long ago.

Acceleration of particles by an accelerator is generally accelerated by an electric field or energy fed by microwaves, which requires the particles to be charged.

As a kind of uncharged particle, 4685Λ hyperon can't be accelerated naturally.

But that's okay.

Electroneutral particles cannot be accelerated, but they can be decelerated.

For example, the neutron moderator can be applied in the nuclear reaction, but the deceleration of the 4685Λ hyperon only needs .

Borax with water.

The collimator determines the coupling parameters through photons that do not participate in the reaction, and a ceramic plate with water-added borax is dropped from above the channel.

call out--

Beam after beam of isolated point particles mixed with 4685Λ hyperon passes through.

Lone particles are unaffected by their disembodied nature and fly by as normal.

The 4685Λ hyperon is decelerated.

The two particles are thus separated.

Then soon.

The decelerated 4685Λ hyperon hit another P-type semiconductor heavily, and the baryon number of the 4685Λ hyperon lost its conservation.

In as little as 10-^15 seconds.

There are tens of thousands of mesons around the P-type semiconductor.

at the same time.

The solitary point particle that was one step ahead seemed to be attracted, and flickered from the position in front of the head to the surroundings of the P-type semiconductor in an instant.

After bonding with mesons, they briefly gain physicality.

Then

These solitary particles are like the five brothers who came to rescue Altman Ace, and were firmly captured by the Hippolyte alien trap (magneto-optical trap).

All of this, from beam launching, collision, screening to ending, has only passed in reality.

1.14514 seconds.

Before Xu Yun, Lu Chaoyang and the others felt any emotions, a green rectangular frame appeared on the display screen in front of them:

[captured]

This is the prompt that the pre-set program will automatically pop up after capturing an isolated particle. The logic for confirming success is mainly the change of area energy.

"Xiao Xu!"

Due to too much concentration, Liang Haoran, who was in charge of observing the coupling state data, didn't bother to call Xu Yun Dr. Xu, and subconsciously shouted out the usual name for Xu Yun:

"Entity lone particles have been captured. According to the decay chart, if we don't use other methods, they can last about 15 seconds in the 'entity' state!"

See this situation.

Xu Yun couldn't help but look at Lu Chaoyang, and quickly turned his head to order:

"Cool down, cool down now!"

clap clap -

Ye Yingying, who was in front of the temperature indicator, quickly entered the command after hearing the words, and asked at the same time:

"Dr. Xu, how much has the temperature dropped?"

Xu Yun waved his hand:

"200nk, anyway, we are not Europeans, there is no shortage of electricity!"

"clear!"

nk.

This is a commonly used unit in the low temperature field, which is 10 to the -9 power K.

Humans have achieved this precision as early as 1999, when they completed the first Bose-Einstein condensate.

Today, the lowest temperature record in the laboratory has broken through to the pK level, that is, the order of 38 trillionths of a degree Celsius above absolute zero. (/doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.13.1236)

It’s just that the ‘Eye of the World’ test chamber doesn’t have that sophisticated equipment yet, and Xu Yun’s demand this time around isn’t that high, 200nk is about the same.

The temperature soon starts to drop.

minus 26 degrees.

minus 38 degrees.

minus 73 degrees.

Minus 206 degrees.

until

199.996nk.

In just 3 seconds, the temperature in the capture zone was infinitely close to 200nk.

As the temperature decreases.

In this way, a large number of isolated point particles that have materialized temporarily are completely frozen around the P-type semiconductor.

Then a double achromatic apex detector with a magnetic stiffness of 9.4T m slowly fell from above the channel, and began to study the isolated point particles by means of a cloud chamber.

Earlier, Liang Haoran once said that the solitary particle persists for about fifteen seconds.

After all, in this experiment process, the 4685Λ hyperon disappeared first, instead of directly colliding with the lone point particle as it did at the beginning.

The magnitude of the interaction is not as high as that of Academician Pan and the others in their first experiment, and the duration will naturally be longer.

From his report of the situation to Xu Yun's instructions, Ye Yingying's input of the password, and the temperature drop, it took about .

Around 10 seconds.

That is to say

The frozen solitary point particles have actually begun to decay at this time.

well known.

when a particle decays.

Although its final state has momentum.

But if viewed from the static coordinate system relative to the initial state particles, the energy sum of the final state particles is the mass of the initial state particles.

Therefore, when calculating the constant mass of the final particle, there will be a delta function in the mass of the final particle.

At the same time.

Since the initial particle is unstable, according to the principle of quantum mechanics, the unstable particle will have a "width" - the reciprocal of the half width is its lifetime.

Therefore, in terms of technical means, we can make a two-dimensional diagram of constant mass-number of cases according to this situation, and then use the obvious peak to judge whether the particle is in the ground state.

So soon.

The project team started relevant testing.

"The injection is in progress, and the tree map has been transmitted to the main operation terminal!"

"The results of high-energy photons are not obvious, and the constant mass distribution seems to be irregular"

"It doesn't matter, this is normal. After all, there is no definition of static mass for lone point particles. It's not surprising that our equipment can't measure those data accurately—how about the results of high-energy muons?"

"The Feynman diagram has been released, and its nature is somewhat similar to collinear divergence, that is, it is very close to a certain final state."

"Dr. Xu, I also sent you the diagram of the reconstructed hard scattering process."

"Dr. Xu, the takeaway will be delivered in about an hour"

All kinds of information arrived at the console slowly and regularly.

Everyone is concentrating on their own work, collecting, entering, and calculating various data.

Xu Yun and Lu Chaoyang didn't bother to watch, and both went to process various data in person.

that's all.

Time slowly passed by every minute and every second.

Two hours later.

On the display screen in front of Xu Yun and Lu Chaoyang, a strange image suddenly appeared:

The content of the image is a 3D model with some ups and downs like hills, and although most of the areas have protrusions and depressions, the range is relatively small.

The only exception is the leftmost region.

Only at this moment.

In the leftmost area, there is a bulge standing upright like an Optimus Prime, and the painting style is extremely abnormal.

In front of it, other undulating areas are as small as ordinary human beings standing beside Tiga.

as if

Everything adds up to the same here.

Look at this image.

Xu Yun and Lu Chaoyang looked at each other involuntarily, a gleam of joy flashed in their eyes at the same time, and they let out a soft breath.

Then Lu Chaoyang took the initiative to move half of his body and walked aside, at the same time cast a look at Xu Yun, and said:

"Xiao Xu, tell me about this."

Xu Yun knew that Lu Chaoyang was giving him a chance to gain momentum, so he nodded politely to him.

Then he turned his head to look at the audience, remained silent for a moment, and said:

"Everyone, please be quiet."

Immediately, a needle could be heard off the stage.

Xu Yun's chest bulged slightly, took a deep breath, and said:

"Now. I officially announce that with everyone's unremitting efforts, we have successfully completed the ground state processing of isolated point particles!"

"Considering the particularity of solitary point particles, there should be no other teams competing with us on the same track."

"So in a sense, we are also the ground state of lone point particles in the entire physics community."

"First break!"

Following Xu Yun's words.

The atmosphere at the scene was slightly condensed, and immediately there was a burst of cheers and applause:

"Wuhu~Xu Shenniu Pi!!!"

"Ulla!"

"Oye, first break!!!"

This atmosphere was not a gesture deliberately put on by the crowd to cheer Xu Yun up, but a reflection of their true inner thoughts.

After all, this is the result of the joint efforts of everyone, and it is also a good start for the project team.

From a metaphysical point of view, it is undoubtedly an excellent lucky draw.

Second come.

There is also a very practical reason.

That is, with the first breakthrough of the ground state of isolated point particles, even if the project team does not produce any results in the future, they can all be mixed into a second work of a journal that started in the second district of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

That's right, the second district started.

If you are lucky enough.

Possibly even higher!

This is not conjecture, but is supported by real data.

Until 2022.

Only 18 kinds of highly oscillating particles/quasiparticles have been observed in the physics community.

The earliest was rubidium in 1995 and the most recent was excitons in 2011.

Except for the 18 kinds of particles, strontium was published in "ADVANCES IN PHYSICS-X" and calcium was published in "SciPost Physics", two journals of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The other 16 kinds of journals were all published in the first area of ​​journals - among them there is no lack of the ultimate peak of CNS.

Therefore, if discussing Xu Yun's experimental results today alone, there is no such thing as luck in the journals of the first district, but it is a guarantee of the bottom line.

only

do not forget.

Academician Pan and Zhao Zhengguo have not yet published their papers on the discovery of solitary point particles.

Wait until the time is right.

They will inevitably bring Xu Yun as a co-author and publish a paper describing the lone point particle.

It is an achievement that is bound to be published in CNS journals, and it is bound to cause a lot of discussion.

In this way.

The ground state technology of pure lone point particles may be regarded as a derivative research, which will automatically drop down a notch.

Just like two teams participating in the League of Legends S game, one broke through history and entered the semi-finals, and the other won the championship.

Although the top four teams have created the best results, but in front of the champion, more than half of the heat will inevitably be taken away.

What Xu Yun and the others were facing at this time was almost the same situation.

But even so, the chances of the project team going to the first district will not be lower than .

40%!

In this way, how can everyone not be happy?