The Science Fiction World of Xueba

"The technical principle of nuclear fusion spacecraft engine and its related engineering realization roadmap?"

Pang Xuelin was slightly taken aback.

Then a faint smile appeared on his face.

Although this reward is not the best, it is not bad.

According to the current industrial level on the earth, it is basically impossible to realize the nuclear fusion spacecraft engine in a short period of time, but referring to the blueprint of this engine, we can find a mature and reliable shortcut to design a commercial nuclear fusion reactor.

This is another black technology capable of changing the global industrial structure.

Pang Xuelin's eyes sparkled.

In the real world, lithium-air batteries have set off a wave of energy revolution around the world. If combined with nuclear fusion reactors that almost mean endless energy, its significance far exceeds the general industrial revolution, almost equivalent to the transition from agricultural civilization to industry. civilization.

Among other things, the electricity price that has gradually risen due to the popularity of lithium-air batteries alone can be reduced by more than ten times after the nuclear fusion reactor comes out.

At that time, cheap energy, coupled with 5G Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and electromagnetic catapult aerospace planes... Pang Xuelin is sure that within ten years, half a foot of human civilization will enter the category of interstellar civilization.

"Next time, I'll be busy again."

Pang Xuelin muttered to himself.

"Host, would you like to return to the real plane?"

The sound of the system rang in my ears at the right time.

"Let's go back."

Pang Xuelin smiled lightly.

...

In the next second, Pang Xuelin only felt a flash of the picture, and felt a warm body in his arms.

Pang Xuelin lowered his head, Qi Xin was wearing light pajamas, curled up in his arms like a cat, sleeping peacefully and peacefully.

Pang Xuelin picked up the mobile phone on the bedside table and looked at it. It was three thirty in the morning.

Even if the hibernation time is not counted, he has stayed in the Chinese Sun World for nearly thirty years.

thirty years interval,

Enough to make the closest people become strangers.

Fortunately, after Pang Xuelin was modified by the gene optimizer, both his memory and his brain's logical thinking ability were more than ten times stronger than before.

Therefore, even though he was a little strange just after returning, within a few minutes, the figures of Qi Xin, Yao Bingxia and others became clear again in his mind.

Pang Xuelin quickly recovered the state before entering the Chinese Sun World.

It was still early to wake up, and Pang Xuelin didn't feel much sleepiness. He kissed Qi Xin's smooth forehead lightly, carefully pulled his hand out from under Qi Xin's neck, then picked up the notebook on the desk, and came to the balcony superior.

Today is another night with a full moon, and the flowing moonlight swayed down, and the mountain forest in front of the villa was stained with a layer of silver gray.

Pang Xuelin opened the notebook, imported the information about the nuclear fusion spacecraft engine rewarded by the system into the notebook, and then settled down to read it.

The nuclear fusion spacecraft engine is essentially a flow of high-temperature and high-speed helium ions generated by nuclear fusion, which is used to propel the spacecraft forward.

Therefore, this engine is still a working fluid engine, and helium fuel needs to be replenished from time to time to keep the spacecraft powered for a long time.

Compared with the fusion spacecraft used by humans in the dark forest, this kind of engine is still an era behind.

But for humans in the real world, this is completely black technology beyond imagination.

According to the information provided by the system, the helium nuclear fusion engine can provide a maximum thrust of more than one million tons. As long as the fuel is sufficient, it can even accelerate a spaceship to sub-light speed.

Of course, under normal circumstances, the maximum speed that the spacecraft can accelerate to is equivalent to half of the fuel that the spacecraft itself can carry (the theoretical maximum value), and the actual maximum value is even lower.

According to the tonnage of the spacecraft, under normal circumstances, a high-power nuclear fusion engine can accelerate a megaton spacecraft to a high speed of 5,000 kilometers per second.

"If you have such a spaceship, you can basically sweep the world!"

Pang Xuelin couldn't help smiling when he looked at the approximate parameters provided in the technical information.

He is very clear that the prerequisite for building such a super spacecraft is to complete the electromagnetic ejection space launch system project as soon as possible.

Only in this way can the load be sent into space at the lowest possible cost, and such a super spacecraft can be assembled in space.

After reading the technical outline of the helium fusion engine, Pang Xuelin began to pay attention to the technical details inside.

Soon, Pang Xuelin frowned slightly.

Because the technical solution provided by the system is actually the third-generation nuclear fusion technology.

In fact, nuclear fusion technology is divided into three generations, generally based on different fuels.

The first generation of nuclear fusion is also called deuterium-tritium fusion.

Both deuterium and tritium are isotopes of hydrogen, but the most abundant isotope of hydrogen in nature, protium, which consists of only one proton and one electron, accounts for the vast majority.

Unfortunately, it is very difficult for protium to achieve fusion, because protium will first fuse into helium 2, which requires two protons and two neutrons, and the mass of protons converted into neutrons is increased, and it is also necessary to absorb the energy released by fusion Part of the energy, but helium 2 is not stable and will soon decay into deuterium!

Since deuterium nuclei have started, fusion has started to work, because there are neutrons in deuterium nuclei, and there is no need to convert from protons over a long period of time!

Tritium-deuterium fusion H-2+H-3==He-4+n, the fusion becomes helium four + an extra neutron, and the problem also comes from the extra neutron running out!

For fission, the nucleus is bombarded by free neutrons causing fission!

This free neutron still has to be produced, but in a fusion reactor this neutron is a downright redundant thing!

Because neutrons are captured by the nuclei of other materials and undergo transmutation, a serious material becomes radioactive after a period of neutron radiation, and the entire properties of the material change.

Anti-irradiation materials used for tritium-deuterium fusion must not only withstand high temperatures, but also withstand the long-term bombardment of neutrons. So far, human scientists are still working hard to find qualified first-wall materials.

This is also one of the major technical difficulties in whether nuclear fusion can realize commercial operation.

As for the second-generation nuclear fusion, it refers to the nuclear fusion between deuterium and helium III. The number of neutrons produced by this nuclear fusion reaction is an order of magnitude less than that of tritium-deuterium fusion. It is currently used by humans to make fission and reactors. materials can handle such neutron bombardment.

As for the third-generation nuclear fusion, it refers to the nuclear fusion between helium three and helium three. Helium three nuclear fusion does not produce neutrons at all, so it is also called the ultimate fusion.

Here, some people may ask, since helium trinuclear fusion has so many advantages, why not directly study helium trinuclear fusion?

Here comes another important issue.

That is the specific binding energy.

The strong force is the energy-saving force of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. The more protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the greater the energy needed to separate them (the iron element is the peak value). The binding energy of elements and protons and neutrons The ratio of numbers is the specific binding energy!

The specific binding energy from deuterium, tritium to helium is rising steadily. Deuterium and tritium only need 5K electron volts to achieve ignition, but helium 3 needs to produce a lot.

The simple understanding is that it is relatively easy for deuterium and tritium to achieve nuclear fusion, while the energy required for helium to achieve fusion will be much higher!

Therefore, when the deuterium-tritium nuclear fusion was still flying in the sky, it seemed a little too early to expect helium trifusion!

Azimovich, a former Soviet physicist and the father of the Tokamak, once said a very yellow and violent saying:

"Fusion will be realized when the whole society needs it!"

The implication here is that the energy level required for fusion is relatively high, and it is unlikely that any single country can support such a resource investment. If it is to be realized, it needs the joint efforts of all mankind to make it possible.

This is the basis for cooperation at the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER).

The ITER project has been delayed again and again due to technical difficulties and the individual calculations of various countries. From the 1990s to the present, nuclear fusion-related research has still failed to achieve fundamental breakthroughs.

Such as plasma turbulence control, research and development of radiation-resistant materials for fusion reactors, etc., there are big problems.

Although Pang Xuelin once led and promoted the research of the nuclear fusion project in the dark forest world, at that time, most of his energy was focused on how to fulfill the responsibility of the Wallfacer and deal with the three-body crisis, and he did not spend much energy on technology at all. on the details.

Therefore, although humans have successfully developed a fusion reactor in the dark forest world, it is still impossible to replicate it in the real world.

On the contrary, the technical solution given by the system this time is more likely to be realized.

The only troublesome thing is that the solution given by the system is not the current magnetic confinement fusion route that is more popular in various countries, but uses inertial laser confinement fusion.

Inertial confinement fusion is a method of using the inertial effect of particles to confine the particles themselves to achieve nuclear fusion reactions.

The basic idea is: use the energy provided by the driver to make the nuclear fusion fuel (deuterium, tritium) in the target pellet form plasma, and within a very short time before these plasma particles have time to fly around due to their own inertia, they will pass through the centripetal The implosion is compressed to a high-temperature, high-density state, whereby nuclear fusion reactions occur.

Because this kind of nuclear fusion is achieved by the inertial confinement of the plasma particles themselves, it is called inertial confinement fusion.

But laser fusion also has many problems, not to mention high-energy lasers. The biggest problem of laser fusion is that the product of density, temperature and effective discharge time is sufficiently large to achieve controllable fusion through plasma.

The product of these three is used as an indicator to measure the progress of fusion research.

The triple product of tokamak magnetic confinement fusion is much larger than that of laser fusion.

This is why most countries, including China, are focusing on magnetic confinement fusion.

In the technical solution given by the system, because the specific binding energy of helium triple fusion is relatively high, laser is directly used for ignition.

Pang Xuelin's attention was gradually attracted by the technical solutions in the computer, and he was soon addicted to it.

When you look at it, you don't know the passage of time.

I don't know how long it has passed, the morning light is faint in the sky, and the sky is full of red clouds.

Before I knew it, the sky was bright.

"Alin, Alin!"

Pang Xuelin was jolted up and woke up from his contemplation. In the bedroom, Qi Xin stood up, rubbing his eyes and calling out to him.

Pang Xuelin's eyes sparkled, and hours of research had yielded extraordinary results.

"Xiao Xin, what's wrong?"

Pang Xuelin turned his gaze to Qi Xin, closed his notebook, and entered the bedroom with a smile.

"Why did you get up so early?"

Qi Xin muttered.

Pang Xuelin smiled and said, "If you can't sleep, get up and look up some information."

"I want a hug!"

The girl was obviously still angry, squinting her eyes and opening her arms.

Pang Xuelin put the notebook on the desk, stepped forward and sat on the head of the bed, and gently embraced the girl in his arms.

The two hugged each other for a while, Qi Xin opened his eyes, turned over suddenly, looked at Pang Xuelin mistyly, and kissed him directly.

Pang Xuelin was taken aback for a moment, but quickly came to his senses and gave Qi Xin an enthusiastic response.

An intense morning workout quickly unfolds.

It was already an hour later when everything was over.

The two hugged each other and took a shower in the bathroom. Qi Xin changed into a white chiffon shirt and a pair of black high-waisted wide-leg pants with ponytails on her lower body. She looked elegant and fashionable, full of goddess style.

Pang Xuelin changed into a T-shirt and jeans, and the two went downstairs holding hands. Zuo Yiqiu and Zhou Chen had already started eating in the restaurant.

Seeing the closeness between Pang Xuelin and Qi Xin, Zuo Yiqiu pouted, a little upset.

Neither Pang Xuelin nor Qi Xin noticed this detail, so they greeted them happily.

After breakfast, Pang Xuelin and Qi Xin went to Jiang University together, and Zuo Yiqiu and Zhou Chen naturally accompanied them.

Since the official launch of the Qiantang Laboratory, Pang Xuelin has been so busy that he either went to the capital to attend the coordination meeting of the electromagnetic space launch project, or discussed the synthesis route of a new superconductor with Cao Yuan and the others, or discussed the dynamic APT with Shi Yigong and the others. The realization path of the technology also needs to take into account the editorial work of the "Exploration" series of magazines, and there is not much time for Jiang Da.

Even those few students can only carry out herding teaching.

Fortunately, Sophie and the others were relatively self-disciplined, and Pang Xuelin entrusted Liu Tingbo to help take care of them, so nothing happened for a while.

But today, Pang Xuelin had to come back.

After all, Jiang University was his alma mater. He had just received the Fields Medal from St. Petersburg, so he was able to give a report at his alma mater as a Philippine award boss.

This report meeting is not as grand as the previous ones.

In fact, both the teachers and students of Jiang University are used to this boss producing explosive results from time to time.

In their view, it is strange that Pang Xuelin can't produce results.

Previously at the International Congress of Mathematicians in St. Petersburg, Pang Xuelin gave a report on Ponzi's Fifteen Questions, summarizing fifteen propositions that may have a significant impact on the mathematics community in the future.

This time at Jiang University's report meeting, Pang Xuelin made an in-depth interpretation of Ponzi's Fifteen Questions to a certain extent.

The report meeting ended and it was already noon.

Pang Xuelin had dinner with Liu Tingbo and Xu Xincheng in the staff cafeteria, and was just about to go to his office in Jiangda University when his cell phone rang suddenly.

txt download address:

phone-reading: