Romanian Eagle

After the August Revolution in Bushelvik overthrew the provisional government, the then Allied bloc was full of fears for the nascent red party.

At that time, the British special report on the revolution was carried out. In the report, The Times said pessimistically that the seizure of Russian power by the red parties this time is a threat to countries throughout Europe, and also called on countries to be vigilant about the development of the Communist Party in various countries, so as not to fall into the tragedy of Russia.

As the most influential newspaper in Europe, it has always advertised itself as objective reporting. But the August Revolution led by Bushelvik did not reveal its hostile attitude towards the red regime. Compared with the ethics of being a big newspaper with an image, you can't show your own opinions too much. Other newspapers are not so implicit.

At that time, when most of the newspapers reported on the August Revolution in Bushelvik, they repeatedly said that the Communist Party was persecuting the Russian people in St. Petersburg. There are also many newspapers digging out various problems during the Paris Revolution. They exaggerated and told their readers. Some newspapers even called on the two major groups that were at war to stop the war and put out the Russian Red Revolution first. These are the bourgeoisie of all countries, reacting to the fear of Russia for the first working-class regime.

However, the Allied governments at that time did not adopt a hostile policy towards the newly established Soviet Russian government, because they also needed a large number of troops from Russia to hold Germany and Austria. In the face of the goodwill extended by the Allied Powers, the Soviet Russian government is now completely indifferent, because they are busy dealing with the bad domestic situation.

At present, the poor food supply in St. Petersburg has become the top priority of the new Soviet government, after all, most of the military forces of Bushelvik are here at this time. Moreover, it is also the political and economic center of Russia, the revolutionary holy land of the new Soviet Russia, and a place that Bushelvik cannot lose.

The new Russian government, which overthrew the provisional government and left only the Soviet regime, still has many members of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, the Cadets, and the Mensheviks within the Soviet regime. The reason for this result is that the revolutionary slogans led by Bushelvik opposed the provisional government, and another reason why Bushelvik should not be too explicit, that is, other left-wing parties did not have the numerical opinion on Bushelvik. many disadvantages.

This has a lot to do with the fact that Bushelvik was too radical in the Russian left-wing party before. The Bushelviks, led by Lenin in Tsarist Russia before, were the political groups that it focused on attacking. Because Bushelvik is about to overthrow the Russian government in the slogan, Bushelvik, whose long-term leaders are abroad, is much less attractive to Russian progressive youth. Even after the January Revolution, the Bushelviks tried their best to develop and expand the organization and other left-wing parties made foolish moves, but they still did not allow them to occupy an absolute advantage.

In addition, the new Soviet Russia still showed a desire to fight for the Allies. It can only be said that the Russians are now completely tied to the Allied chariots by Britain and France, even if Russia has collapsed for this reason. Now Britain and France are willing to continue to cooperate as long as Russia is willing to continue fighting.

For this reason, the then British ambassador Bristow also expressed to the Soviet Russian government that the Allies were concerned about the current situation in Russia, but the main thing was the Soviet Russian government's attitude towards whether the war would continue. You must know that when Bushelvik was in the opposition, he shouted the slogan of armistice loudly. In fact, negotiations with the Germans were taking place within Bushelvik.

As the main leaders of Bushelvik, but clearly remember what they rely on to come to power. Now the most powerful anti-war group is the military group with guns. If these soldiers are not satisfied, it is not difficult to change the political party to govern. Therefore, after initially easing the tension in St. Petersburg's supply of materials, Bushelvik was discussing matters about a truce with Germany.

Therefore, when the British and French ambassadors asked the Soviet Union about the war against the Allies, they were disappointed. To this end, the British and French ambassadors sent a report to the country,

It is recommended to expand support for other political parties in Russia.

This has also brought great relief to other Russian parties, who see this as the death of Bushelvik. Without the financial support of Britain and France, Russia's finances can collapse just by paying off its foreign debts. Faced with this situation, they certainly would not kindly remind Lenin and others that they intend to defeat Bushelvik in the next election and regain the power of the Soviets. It's just that they don't know that Bushelvik is not as obedient as they are, and that Lenin, as its leader, goes farther than they think.

Five days after the August Revolution, the nascent Soviet-Russian government handed over to Germany its willingness to negotiate peace talks. This greatly encouraged Germany, so a copy of the terms of the German peace talks was sent to the Soviet government. The conditions in Germany gave the Bushelvik top brass, who were still newcomers to the regime, a blow.

Germany proposed to cede parts of Poland, Lithuania and Estonia and all of Latvia and Belarus to Germany and Austria, and to pay 3 billion rubles of indemnity. And the reparations must be paid to the Allies in five installments within one year, otherwise the Allies have the right to raise funds on their own.

Faced with the negotiating conditions in Germany, the Bushelvik Party was agitated and demanded to stop negotiations with the Allies. Among them, Bushelvik's opinions are divided into three categories. The first is that the "left communists" represented by Bukharin opposed the signing of the peace treaty and advocated continuing to fight against Germany. His reasoning was that German conditions were too harsh, which would put the nascent Bushelvik at a disadvantage in future elections. And as long as the fighting continues, it is very likely that revolutionary sentiment will be ignited among the German and Austrian workers in the future. In fact, they were reluctant to fight because of the harsh conditions in Germany. Central Committee members Bubnov, Uritsky and Lomov supported Bukharin.

The second category was represented by Trotsky; he advocated a truce, demobilized the army, but did not sign a contract with Germany. In fact, Trotsky was also opposed to accepting Germany's conditions, because he knew the state of the Russian army, and continuing to fight would be too harmful to the new regime. Central Committee members Krestinsky, Dzerzhinsky and Yuefei supported Trotsky.

What followed was Lenin's proposal to accept Germany's conditions and sign a peace treaty. Because Lenin knew that the main problem of the current Soviet Russian regime was the domestic problems that needed to be solved and about to break out, because there were too many thorny problems accumulated in Russia now, and these were carefully sorted out by the new Soviet Russian regime. Lenin's proposition was supported by six members of the Central Committee, including Divinoyev, Sokolnikov, Stalin, Artem, Stasova, and Sverdlov.

Now the three parties are in dispute over the German plan. On September 1, the Soviet Russian government convened a meeting of the central and local leaders. At the meeting attended by 0 people, 32 people agreed with Bukharin's proposition, those who agreed with Trotsky's proposition, and only 5 people who agreed with Lenin's proposition. In the end, Lenin's claim failed to pass because it was in the minority.

The attitude of the Soviet Russian government greatly dissatisfied the German side, and Hindenburg and Ludendorff, who wanted to take this opportunity to solve the Eastern Front, were also disappointed. Regarding the attitude of the Soviet Union, the two were actually preparing for it. Ludendorff, who presided over the work of the General Staff, mobilized 4 more divisions from the western front during this period, and transported most of the ammunition to the eastern front in recent months. troops.

After Soviet Russia refused to negotiate, more than two million German and Austrian troops rushed into the Russian hinterland along the Great Plains of Eastern Europe. However, the Russian army guarding these places did not become brave and good at fighting because of Bushelvik's blessing. At least 100,000 soldiers from the Russian frontline disappeared and fled in just a dozen days of attack, and nearly 200,000 soldiers entered the POW camp in Germany.

In the face of a very critical situation, Soviet Russia once again held a central meeting on September 25 to re-vote on the issue of signing the contract. Trotsky's proposition passed by a majority of 9 to 7, and Lenin's proposition was still not accepted by the majority.

Negotiations resumed in Brest. As the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs and head of the negotiating delegation, Trotsky agreed with Lenin before leaving that he would make concessions and sign a contract if Germany gave an ultimatum. Because both of them knew that it was not an option to drag on like this, Russia could expect to see the victory of the Allied Powers, but the Bushelvik regime would definitely not see this result.

As a result, Germany really gave an ultimatum to Soviet Russia, Trotsky telegraphed to Lenin asking for countermeasures, and Lenin immediately returned the telegram to accept the German conditions and signed the contract immediately. But at this time Trotsky's feat of cherishing feathers was committed, because he knew that if he signed this treaty, he would always be subordinate to Lenin. So instead of accepting Lenin's suggestion, he issued a statement refusing to sign the contract and led a delegation to leave Brest.

As a result, Germany began to aggressively attack Soviet Russia again. By the time Germany had attacked Pskov, which was less than 300 kilometers away from St. Petersburg, on October 09, the situation was very urgent. The grievances of the army were almost unstoppable, and the voices questioning the Soviet Russian regime were also constantly ups and downs. . At this time, an emergency meeting of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union was held. At the meeting, Lenin's proposition was rejected by a vote of 7. ..

Subsequently, the Central Committee held a meeting overnight. After a heated debate, Trotsky turned to support Lenin. The meeting passed Lenin's proposal with 7 votes in favor, 5 votes against, and abstentions. The Soviet Russian government notified Germany overnight that it agreed to sign the contract.

However, Germany did not stop the offensive after being notified, and on 2000 imposed more severe conditions. The Central Committee of the Russian Party of the Soviet Union held an emergency meeting with five members. At the meeting, most of the members expressed their disapproval of Lenin's proposition.

Faced with his painstaking efforts to be completely unsupported by the members of the party, Lenin was furious, and had no choice but to propose that if such empty talk continued, he would resign and retire from the government and the Central Committee. Bukharin didn't care, Trotsky disagreed with Lenin, but his attitude changed in order to prevent Lenin's resignation and the split of Bushelvik. Under his influence, there were 4 abstentions. As a result, Lenin's proposal was adopted with 7 votes in favor, 4 abstentions, and 4 votes against.

So on October 4, the Soviet Union government finally sent a negotiating delegation to negotiate with Germany.

On October 2, the peace treaty between the Soviet Union and the Allies in Brest was formally signed. According to the contractual agreement Russia gave up all territories of Finland, the Baltic states, Belarus and Ukraine not to mention. Soviet Russia also needed to cede Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Courland, and Russian Poland to Germany. At the same time, the Turks, who were defeated ten times in a row by Tsarist Russia, took back the regions of Adarhan, Kars and Batumi without a fight.

This means that Russia will lose 20,000 square kilometers of land, which occupies one-tenth of Russia's total territory and is all in Europe, so the population above is very dense, accounting for 44% of the country's population. Russia's resource advantage, which used to dominate the pack, will also be greatly weakened. Coal mines and iron ore will lose 75% and 73% respectively, along with 54% of industry and 33% of agriculture.

In addition to these, the Soviet Union also needs to pay 7 billion marks in war reparations like Germany, and it can only be divided into five instalments, and the last instalment must be delivered within one year of signing the treaty.

The treaty would give the nascent Soviet a rest, but this was obviously not acceptable to all Russians. Losing so much population and industry, the entire treasury must also be repaid within a year. In addition, in the election of the Constituent Assembly, the Bolsheviks openly overthrew the election organized by themselves because they received fewer votes than the Socialist Revolutionary Party. So left-wing political parties organized workers to stage a demonstration that day to protest against the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly. The Bolsheviks sent troops to suppress it, causing the "January 5th Massacre" that shocked the world. In Gorky's words: "The rifle has dispelled the dream that Russia's best elements have fought for for nearly a hundred years."

A large number of Russian nationalists turned against the Bushelvik organization, and hardcore patriots like Kolchak were even more outraged. In their eyes the Soviets became traitors, more disgusting than the Germans, and were ready to eradicate them at all costs. And so the Russian Civil War broke out.