Rebirth of the Industrial Tycoon

Heavy Machinery Factory is a provincial key enterprise, and it is a leader among the state-owned enterprises in Qinghe City.

In the 1990s, both the state-run economy and the private economy were in an era of unprecedented change. At this time, the standard for evaluating an enterprise is not to see how many honors the enterprise has won, nor how big the enterprise is, nor how high the level of the enterprise is. It depends on how the company performs.

If the enterprise benefits are good, even if the honor is smaller, the scale is smaller, and the rank is lower, it is a good enterprise; on the contrary, if the profit is not good, even a large state-owned enterprise with many honors, a large scale and a high rank cannot escape the fate of extinction. .

And Qinghe Heavy Machinery Factory is a very profitable enterprise.

Among the national machinery industry enterprises, Qinghe Heavy Machinery Factory can also rank among the top 50 in terms of economic benefits. Among the state-owned enterprises in Qinghe City, the Municipal Heavy Machinery Factory ranks first in terms of efficiency.

Enterprises can make money, and they have enough confidence, so the people in the heavy machinery factory are also arrogant, and they can choose a few more households when they are looking for a target.

Ding Youliang, the director of the heavy machinery factory, can be regarded as a young and promising person. He started working at the age of 16. He started as an ordinary worker and became the director and secretary of the heavy machinery factory at the age of 35. This year just happened Forty-year-old Ding Youliang is a good time to be young and strong.

Ding Youliang, who had just finished a meeting, had just returned to the office when the director of the office knocked on the door and walked in.

"Dingchang, Li Weidong, the director of Fukang Agricultural Machinery Factory, wants to meet you." The office director said.

"Fukang Agricultural Machinery Factory? Which company is it? It sounds a little strange!" Ding Youliang asked casually.

The director of the office immediately replied: "Fukang Agricultural Machinery Factory is the original Jinxing Agricultural Machinery Factory in Dongcheng District. Later, it suffered serious losses and could not continue. It was taken away by the bank and handed over to an individual. This is the factory manager named Li Weidong."

"It turned out to be the former Jinxing Agricultural Machinery Factory! I know this factory, it seems to be a county-level collective enterprise, right?" Ding Youliang sighed: "I didn't expect that, now it is not even a collective enterprise, and it was contracted by individuals. !"

"Ding Factory, I heard that this factory was directly bought by Li Weidong, and then attached to the bank, it is not even a contract." The director of the office said.

"What kind of affiliation, it's not self-employed!" Ding Youliang pouted with some disdain, and asked, "What is a self-employed person looking for me for?"

"Li Weidong said that he is interested in the hydraulic technology of our factory, so he wants to see if there is any opportunity for cooperation." The director of the office said.

"Cooperation?" Ding Youliang showed a ridiculous smile: "Just as he is a self-employed person, why should he discuss cooperation with our heavy machinery factory? Does he have the qualifications!"

The director of the office smiled awkwardly, he knew that Ding Youliang despised self-employed in his bones.

This was not uncommon at the time,

For a leader like Ding Youliang, who grew up in a traditional state-owned enterprise, he has experienced the most glorious era of state-owned enterprises, and it is normal to look down on the self-employed.

Even in 2021, in some parts of the country, the self-employed will still have no social status.

What's more, Ding Youliang is young, and he is the leader of a state-owned enterprise with good efficiency. He is indeed qualified to look above the top.

So the director of the office asked, "Ding Chang, let's go out, that Li Weidong gave it back, and said that you are going out for a meeting recently and you don't have time."

"Okay, you can figure it out!" Ding You nodded brightly, and then said; "If there is such a self-employed person looking for me in the future, you can deal with it directly, and you don't need to tell me any more."

...

"Director Ding wants to go out for a meeting? Or out of town? Don't have time recently? Well, thank you Director Zhang, I won't bother you!" Li Weidong put down the phone.

"I ate a closed door!" Li Weidong sighed with a displeased expression.

Li Weidong has been struggling in the business field for so many years, and he can still hear the truth and the lie.

If Ding Youliang really wanted to go out for a meeting, the office director would mention it at the beginning. This kind of waiting for the report to be finished and then going out for a meeting must be an excuse.

Li Weidong is not surprised that such a thing will happen. The road of private entrepreneurs is difficult to walk, and it is a daily life to eat closed doors. Li Weidong often encountered such things in his previous life, and he has long been accustomed to it.

The heavy machinery factory could not be reached, so Li Weidong could only contact the loader factory.

The loader factory is very happy. Zhang Tao, the director of the factory, said that he is in the factory, and Li Weidong can go there at any time.

...

Li Weidong came to the loader factory, but found that the factory was empty, and the direction of the workshop was quiet. It didn't look like a factory at all, but a warehouse.

A staff member introduced Li Weidong into the office area, and along the way, Li Weidong did not see any workers.

Finally, Li Weidong met Zhang Tao, the director of the loader factory.

Zhang Tao looks like he is in his early fifties. He is very thin and looks even more vicissitudes when matched with a pair of big-framed eyes.

After the two sides exchanged a few words, Li Weidong took the lead in explaining his intention: "Director Zhang, my agricultural machinery factory has a product called agricultural tricycle, which is mainly used by farmers to transport goods. I was thinking about getting off the car. Unloading is very troublesome, so I want to add a self-unloading function to the cargo box.

This self-unloading requires the use of a hydraulic power unit, which our factory cannot produce. We heard that your loader factory can produce this hydraulic power unit, so we took the liberty of taking a photo. Would like to see if you guys can supply this hydraulic power unit. "

"Since it's a vehicle used in rural areas, shouldn't it carry a lot of weight?" Zhang Tao asked.

"An agricultural tricycle can pull two tons of cargo, but in actual use, it generally can't pull that much." Li Weidong replied.

Zhang Tao nodded: "If it's just two tons of cargo, there is no problem technically."

It is normal for a loader to go down four or five tons with a shovel. With the hydraulic power technology of the loader, it can be described as a bull's knife when used on agricultural tricycles.

But then Zhang Tao shook his head: "Director Li, I'm very sorry, we're afraid we can't do this hydraulic power unit!"

"The price is easy to negotiate." Li Weidong said immediately.

"It's not about money." Zhang Tao sighed and continued, "Director Li, let me tell you the truth, our factory has stopped production!"

"Production stopped? No wonder when I came in, there was no movement in the direction of the workshop!" Li Weidong hesitated for a few seconds before asking, "Is it because the efficiency is not good?

Zhang Tao just sighed and didn't answer directly, but his attitude already told Li Weidong the answer.

In the early 1990s, one-third of state-owned enterprises were at a loss. By the mid-1990s, this figure had risen to more than 40 percent.

For many companies, production suspension has become the main way to reduce losses. As long as production is not carried out, the loss of the company can be less. If you sell some assets and rent out a storefront, you may even be able to pay workers a basic salary. .

Li Weidong nodded suddenly, and then Zhang Tao said, "Director Li, you are self-employed, so you may not know about our state-owned enterprises. Our type of enterprise has high tax rates, redundant staff, heavy social burden, and poor employees. The performance is not high, and I still have to undertake certain assignment tasks, hey, it's hard to say!"

"Director Zhang, I understand everything you said. I used to be from a state-owned enterprise." Li Weidong paused, then continued;

"After the leaders went south to inspect, the country's policies have been liberalized a lot. Have you considered restructuring? If you change to a joint-stock enterprise, at least in terms of corporate income tax, you can pay less, and you can also pay a showdown task and social burden. Take less."

After 1992, the reform of state-owned enterprises entered a new stage. The state advocated enterprises to implement a modern enterprise system. The core of the modern enterprise system is clear property rights. Therefore, the reform of the property rights system of state-owned enterprises has become more and more common.

Forms such as reorganization, alliance, merger, lease, contract operation, joint venture, transfer of state-owned property rights, management buyout, enterprise trusteeship, etc. will gradually appear in the next few years. State-owned enterprises have also been restructured into wholly state-owned companies, limited liability companies, joint stock companies, and joint-stock cooperative enterprises.

In the early 1990s, the three most common forms of SOE restructuring were reorganization, alliance and merger.

What Li Weidong said about restructuring is the restructuring of an enterprise through its own property rights structure, from a state-owned enterprise to a joint stock limited company, which was the most common way of restructuring a state-owned enterprise at that time.

Speaking of restructuring, Zhang Tao sighed again, and he said, "We also thought about restructuring, but it didn't work. We applied to the superior, and the superior gave us two sets of joint-stock reform plans.

The first is to directly carry out the shareholding system reform, with workers holding 20% ​​of the shares and the state holding 80% of the shares, and enterprises still maintain the state-owned system as the main body. However, the workers in our factory do not agree with this plan. Everyone thinks that it is a change of soup instead of medicine. The company is essentially a state-owned enterprise, but the workers suffer! "

"That's right, I don't want to put it in my words." Li Weidong nodded.

What workers of state-owned enterprises look for is nothing more than the word "guarantee". In the people's concept at that time, workers in state-owned enterprises were guaranteed by the state, and even after they were laid off, the state would not ignore them and would arrange new jobs.

Even after the wave of layoffs, there are still many laid-off workers who have this naive idea, waiting at home to arrange work, and then wait until they retire.

After changing to a joint-stock enterprise, the workers lost their status as state-owned enterprises, and they also lost this layer of protection of state-owned enterprises. However, the state still holds 80% of the shares in the enterprise, and everything is still the same as before.

Since I changed the soup instead of the medicine, everything is still the same as before, so why should I change the system? If I don’t change, I will be an employee of a state-owned enterprise. !

It is no good to change the system for a long time, but it will lose things. The workers will definitely not be willing to such a reform plan.

Li Weidong went on to the temperate zone: "What is the second plan?"

"The second plan is that the company sells the stock assets to the employees, which are counted as the shares of the employees, and the state buys the land to complete the reform of the shareholding system." Zhang Tao paused, and then said: "But our workers do not agree with this either. Program."

This set of plans was a common way for state-owned enterprises to reform the shareholding system at that time.

This kind of property rights restructuring method is relatively easy to implement in enterprises with relatively good benefits, but difficult to implement in enterprises with losses.

The fundamental reason is that employees need to spend money to purchase the stock assets of the enterprise in order to obtain equity.

If a company with relatively good profits makes a lot of profits every year, then the employees will happily pay for the company's equity, because profit means asset appreciation, and everyone is willing to have more assets in their hands. Dividing a bonus every year according to the equity, it would be better!

But if the company has been losing money, then spending money to buy the company's assets is equivalent to constant depreciation. Maybe one day the company goes bankrupt, and the money you put in will be wasted.

This is the same as investing. Everyone loves to make money, and everyone who loses money dislikes it.

Therefore, it is only natural that the employees do not agree with this plan.

I just listened to Zhang Tao's introduction: "The two sets of plans have not passed, and the restructuring has been suspended. But just last month, the situation has changed again, and the heavy machinery factory wants to swallow our factory!"

"A merger?" Li Weidong asked. This is also a way of restructuring state-owned enterprises.

"Yes, it's called a merger!" Zhang Tao nodded.

"It seems that the heavy machinery factory's appetite is quite big!" Li Weidong continued: "But it is a good thing to be merged by the heavy machinery factory, right? The benefits of the heavy machinery factory are still very good. Last year, it seemed to be the first in the city. One!"

"Hmph, no one who is cheap can't cheap a heavy machinery factory!" Zhang Tao snorted coldly.

It is said that peers are enemies, heavy machinery factories and loader factories are considered peers, and it is normal to have conflicts with each other.

I just listened to Zhang Tao's introduction: "If it weren't for the heavy machinery factory, our loader factory would not have been reduced to what it is now."

"Why?" Li Weidong asked.

"We produce loaders, and their heavy machinery factory produces all kinds of heavy machinery. Originally, we were living in harmony, and the well water did not cause river water. But after Ding Youliang became the factory manager a few years ago, the focus of products was also on loaders. ."

Zhang Tao went on to say: "At the beginning of last year, they launched a new type of loader, which sold very well. The loader market is so big. If their loader is sold, ours will not be sold. So the factory is reduced to what it is now!"

Li Weidong shook his head with a laugh. After a long time of trouble, he was overwhelmed by the heavy machinery factory. Zhang Tao was very angry.

So Li Weidong persuaded: "Director Zhang, although I don't know much about loaders, but I also know that this is a business and business competition is a normal thing. Now is not the era of planned economy a few years ago, the market The economy is about the survival of the fittest and the survival of the fittest. I don’t think you can blame the heavy machinery factory for this!”

"I know what you mean, you are saying that the reason why our factory has been reduced to where it is today is because our products are too old, so they have been eliminated by the market, right?" Zhang Tao asked.

Li Weidong just smiled and did not answer.

Zhang Tao went on to say: "I also know that our products are still decades ago, and now they are lagging behind. We also want to upgrade our products, but how can we have so much money?

Heavy machinery like a loader is much more expensive than a car, and a production line is also more expensive than a car. Do you know how much it costs to import a car production line? Our loader line is more expensive than that!

If you do research and development yourself, it is also a bottomless pit. The research and development of this kind of heavy machinery, hundreds of thousands of dollars will not be able to make a splash, and only a few million will be able to see some splashes. We, a city-level enterprise, have so much money! "

Hearing Zhang Tao's complaints, Li Weidong opened his mouth hesitantly, but did not speak.

Zhang Tao went on to say, "Are you trying to say, since it is so expensive to make a loader, why can the heavy machinery factory launch a new loader, but we can't do it? I tell you, it's because Ding Youliang is lucky!

From the "Seventh Five-Year" scientific and technological research plan, Ding Youliang applied for a project related to heavy machinery carrying, which is equivalent to the state paying for them to do research and development! So their heavy machinery factory can launch new products! "

"So it is!" Li Weidong showed an expression of sudden realization, but secretly said in his heart, Ding Youliang is indeed a person who can take the lead in a heavy machinery factory at the age of thirty-five. He has the ability, vision, and courage, and he also understands the strategy of the country. The plan is to use the chicken to lay the egg. This cannot be explained by the word "luck" alone.

From this point of view, it is not a bad thing to have such a capable leader, and the loader factory was annexed by the heavy machinery factory, at least one thigh!

So Li Weidong persuaded: "Director Wang, even if your loader factory has grievances with the heavy machinery factory, it is related to the survival and development of the enterprise and the future of the employees. I think you should agree to the merger of the heavy machinery factory."

However, Zhang Tao shook his head: "I do not want to be merged by the heavy machinery factory because of the future of my employees! There are 700 employees in our factory, and the heavy machinery factory is only willing to accept 100, and what else is there? Age restrictions, education restrictions. The young and educated are taken away, where will the remaining 600 uneducated and older people go?"

"Is there such a thing? Shouldn't the heavy machinery factory accept all your employees? After all, you are all state-owned enterprises!" Li Weidong said.

Zhang Tao snorted coldly: "Humph! That Ding Youliang wanted to restructure the heavy machinery factory for a long time. He bought our factory just because he wanted to use our factory's equipment and space to expand production capacity. Of course he doesn't want our workers!"

When a company is involved in mergers and acquisitions, it is normal to be picky, and it is often a case of kicking away if you are not pleasing to the eye, or feel that you cannot create value. But in general, such personnel matters can be discussed.

However, in the early 1990s, the merger between state-owned enterprises should take all workers according to the bill, which is also due to national conditions.

When a state-owned enterprise merges with a state-owned enterprise, as long as equipment and venues are not needed, this is somewhat unreasonable.

But it is normal to think about it carefully. It is inevitable for two interest groups to merge and fight each other, but it is not normal to live in harmony.

Moreover, if the heavy machinery factory also needs to carry out the shareholding system reform, it will be more troublesome if there are too many people. What's more, the employees of the merged loader factory are not natives of the heavy machinery factory, and the distribution of benefits will also be a hidden danger at that time.

The best way is to only need equipment and venues, no workers, no people, and naturally there will be no disputes.

However, Ding Youliang is still very smart. He gave 100 places to the loader factory, and they were all young and educated.

Young people can work, and those with high education have skills. These are talents, and they will not suffer if they come.

What's more, this trick can differentiate loader plants from within.

Young people feel that if the merger is more successful, they will have a better way out and can work in heavy machinery factories, but those who are older but hinder the merger is equal to hindering their future development. Over time, the contradictions between them will intensify.

Once the loader factory is not united, then the merger of the loader factory is even more certain.

With Li Weidong's business sense, he instantly saw through Ding Youliang's strategy of killing two birds with one stone.

"This Ding Youliang is amazing! This method is not someone who grew up in the era of planned economy, but looks like a modern entrepreneur!" Li Weidong secretly thought.

State-owned enterprise cadres born under the planned economic system are completely different creatures from modern entrepreneurs.

Under the tide of the market economy, many state-owned enterprise cadres from the planned economy era have successfully evolved into modern entrepreneurs. But Ding Youliang, who evolves so fast, is really rare.

Li Weidong thought for a moment and asked, "Director Zhang, since you want to keep the jobs of the 700 employees in your factory, I have a plan for the reform of the shareholding system. I wonder if you are interested?"

"Director Li, please speak!" Zhang Tao said.

"The employees of your factory will buy all the stock assets of the enterprise to calculate the equity. The right to use state-owned land will not be invested in, and the enterprise will use the land for compensation. In this way, the intervention of state-owned assets can be avoided and the enterprise has the maximum autonomy. ." Li Weidong said.

Zhang Tao pondered for a while, then shook his head: "This is similar to the second set of plans proposed by the superior, the difference is the part of the state-owned land use rights. This plan also won't work. Given the current situation of our factory, how can the employees pay for it by themselves? Money to buy the stock assets of the company?"

"Director Zhang, don't worry, I haven't finished my words yet!" Li Weidong smiled and then said, "Your employees have bought the company's assets, so they own the company's equity, and then find another offer. Xia, just buy the equity from your employees!"

"Pan Man?" Zhang Tao didn't understand the meaning of the word for a while.

Li Weidong went on to say: "This pick-up man bought the shares of the employees, so he must be engaged in production and operation, right? Otherwise, the production line will be wasted, and the land use fee will have to be paid to the state. At that time, your workers will have a job if they don't. what?"

"I understand, this is the risk of changing the shareholding system, which is passed on to this pick-up man!" Zhang Tao showed an expression of sudden realization.

Li Weidong went on to say: "And when your employees sell their shares, you can raise the price a little bit, for example, if you buy them for 1,000 yuan, you can sell them for 1,110 or 1,200 yuan. You can still make a fortune by doing this!

I estimate that the assets of your factory, not counting the land, are worth 30 to 40 million, right? At that time, if you sell three or four million more, it will not be earned by the employees! If the plan is good for the employees, they will definitely approve it! "

Zhang Tao nodded: "This idea sounds good, but where can I find this keyboard warrior?"

Li Weidong hurriedly pointed to himself: "I'd like to be this pick-up man!"