Rebirth of the God-level Xueba

Wei Zhenxue still thinks that the girls in the biology department are very nice.

Not only Wang Xiaoyun and Grace fed the rats and mice lovingly every day, but Tan Min, the experimental assistant recruited later, also worked tirelessly to take care of them.

If Wei Zhenxue's vocabulary was richer, he would definitely use "love" to describe the scene here.

In addition, Grace also persuaded Yang Rui to order another batch of pigeons and suitable pigeon cages to be kept in the yard next door. The two small courtyards are separated from each other to form a corner of the breeding yard.

Yang Rui seldom goes to the yard where rats, mice and pigeons are raised. When he is in his position, he usually only needs to formulate a plan. One of the advantages of having your own laboratory.

However, although he seldom went to the breeding facility, Yang Rui still established the 3r principle in the form of a system, as the first animal experiment of Huarui Laboratory, and the guiding direction of subsequent animal experiments.

Moreover, Yang Rui also wrote the 3r principle as a slogan and brushed it on the walls of the breeding yard, and even painted 3r yellow fonts on every lock in the breeding yard.

The so-called 3r is the abbreviation of reduction, replacement and optimization. Reduction refers to the use of fewer animals in scientific research to obtain the same or more experimental data. In general, the number of animals used should be the minimum number that can achieve the purpose of the experiment, and it cannot be used to save time or for personal reasons. convenience and other reasons. Use more than the minimum number of animals required to obtain meaningful experimental results.

The requirements for replacement and optimization are higher, and the former requires the use of other methods to replace animal experiments as much as possible. The latter is to improve and perfect the experimental procedures, to alleviate and reduce the pain and damage caused by experimental animals, in short, to improve animal welfare.

This is a theory that existed in 1959, but it was not until the 1970s that it was gradually popularized in major developed countries in the world. Third world countries like China. However, it has not been widely covered.

Although there are some researchers who oppose the 3r principle, Yang Rui himself is not one of them. He is also willing to support the moral status of animals within his ability.

As the boss of the laboratory, Yang Rui decided the 3r animal principle, and Wei Zhenxue, Huang Mao, Li Wenqiang and others must implement it.

In fact, there is no need for them to object. The 3r principle is only to reduce the harm of animals during animal experiments, not to interfere with experiments.

Of course, in order to use the least number of mice. All those involved in the experiment must make careful and reasonable preparations before the experiment, analyze the experimental data, and do more statistical analysis. Experiments to determine this number will not be statistically different.

This is naturally more labor-intensive and time-consuming than ordinary experiments, but Yang Rui thinks it is worth it. As a biologist, Yang Rui supports the moral status of animals, that is, if a life is sentient, then it has a moral status.

Compared with the compliance of Wei Zhenxue, Huang Mao and others, they focused on the reduction. Grace went a step further to optimize.

In order to conform to the living habits of the mice and rats, she changed the feeding time to night, and she made strict regulations on the lighting control of the breeding yard, requiring the breeders not to turn on the lights without authorization even at night, so as not to affect the rats and mouse life.

The living space of the mice and rats has also been changed because of Grace. At her insistence, the workload of the breeding facility has at least doubled.

But in fact, it is an extra tens of dollars a month, the cost of hiring an extra scientific research dog.

After a few days of balance, Yang Rui's assistant, Comrade Wei Zhenxue, under the guidance of Grace, selected 55 mice, rats and 11 pigeons, did a simple physical examination, such as weight measurement, etc., and began to pass food. Add iron.

Within a few days, mice, rats and pigeons that were exposed to iron orally entered a state of iron poisoning.

Grace explained to Yang Rui, and immediately started grouping and administering medicine, which was tantamount to depriving Fan Lundin of his only work value.

As an assistant, Wei Zhenxue naturally wants to actively participate, but he is not very used to mice, so he came to the breeding yard and asked, "Can I be in charge of pigeons?"

Both Grace and Wang Xiaoyun had strange eyes.

Wang Xiaoyun asked: "Are you sure there is only one person in charge of the pigeons?"

"I know that the number of pigeons is relatively small, but the number of pigeons is relatively large. I will feed the pigeons, and the two of you and Tan Min will feed the mice. On average, the number is about the same."

"Tan Min wants to feed the healthy mice over there, but if you want to be in charge of the pigeons alone, we can also take care of the mice and rats." Wang Xiaoyun said humbly.

"Don't worry, I will definitely feed the pigeons."

"It's the pigeon in charge."

"That's right, it's the pigeon in charge." Wei Zhenxue smiled.

Several people were evenly distributed, and under the guidance of Grace, they began to feed deferiprone oral doses made of different active substances, and made detailed records.

Oral doses are fed according to body weight, and mice, rats and pigeons can basically get similar feeding doses.

All these experimental animals were also mentioned in the auxiliary laboratory, so that other researchers, including Yang Rui, could observe the specific situation.

The purpose of the entire animal experiment is to observe whether there is a serious drug reaction, such as severe allergy, teratogenicity or even death, and the drug made of this active substance is basically eliminated.

At least 20-30% of new drugs are suspended during animal experiments.

Drugs that cannot pass animal experiments are definitely not allowed to be taken by humans, that is to say, this drug is not qualified for clinical testing at all. There are actually problems here. For example, the same allergic reaction may be different for animals and humans. Therefore, people may not be allergic to the drugs that animals are allergic to.

However, few pharmaceutical companies will analyze the problem in this way. Some medicinal chemists don't even bother to screen for the cause of allergies. This is because the judicial proceedings in Europe and the United States are too active. If there is a problem with the animal experiment and the clinical trial is still carried out, the amount of compensation will make any pharmaceutical company have a big headache.

Under the system of jurors and punitive fines, some pharmaceutical companies will receive huge fines even if they have done nothing wrong. Therefore, raising corporate standards is a wise choice for a century-old company.

Although in this social situation, some drugs that could have treated important diseases were rejected, European and American countries still stubbornly adhere to their drug review system.

In contrast, the survival of Chinese pharmaceutical companies is much easier. At least things like Chinese patent medicines can still easily enter hospitals and pharmacies and generate a lot of income.

However, the cost of modern medicine development is not affordable by the Chinese market. Only when deferiprone is marketed abroad can it be possible to recover the principal.

If you want to sell the patent of deferiprone, you must show the expectation of making a profit.

Even Grace understands the logic. She doesn't care about money, but she knows the importance of money in the pharmaceutical industry.

If there are really infinite funds invested in pharmaceutical companies, although it is impossible to make human beings free from disease and live forever, it is still possible to solve the diseases and sufferings of 90% of people in the world and prolong the average life expectancy of 90% of modern people. done in ten years.

Unfortunately, there is not so much evil money in the world.

Therefore, Grace cherishes a company like Sinovel that is willing to spend money on rare diseases. Since the animal experiments began, Grace has returned the hotel room and lived in the guest room of Sinovel Laboratory. Every day is to observe, take care of and record the experimental process .

A week later, two active substances developed drug allergy and liver dysfunction respectively, and were forced to withdraw from the screening.

Then, the pigeons that Wei Zhenxue was in charge of also began to have adverse reactions and vomit.

Seeing a lot of vomit appearing in the pigeon coop, Wei Zhenxue wanted to cry, but complained while cleaning: "Why is it that the pigeons I'm in charge of vomited so many mice from you? It's fine."

"Because mice don't vomit." Wang Xiaoyun acted innocently.

Wei Zhenxue, a chemistry major, was a little at a loss: "What does it mean not to vomit?"

"There is a diaphragm between the two stomachs of a mouse. This diaphragm muscle cannot burp or vomit. Therefore, the mouse will not vomit." Wang Xiaoyun explained seriously.

"There really are animals that don't vomit." Wei Zhenxue didn't believe it.

"Rats, rabbits, horses and guinea pigs don't vomit, so they are easy to be poisoned. Guinea pigs are not sensitive to vomiting." Wang Xiaoyun paused, as if lecturing, and continued: "Doves, domestic dogs, monkeys and cats The vomiting reaction is sensitive, so it is suitable for vomiting experiments."

Wei Zhenxue was stunned for a moment, then turned his head slowly, looked at the messy pigeon cage, and said hesitantly: "What do you mean?"

"For drugs, the vomiting reaction is a must-test item. Therefore, each active substance must ultimately determine whether it will cause vomiting." Wang Xiaoyun patted Wei Zhenxue on the shoulder and said: "Please take care of the pigeons."

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