Into Unscientific

Chapter 410: One of China's Most Mysterious Laboratories (8.6K)

Speaking of the word 'scientific research'.

There is another word that comes to most people's minds:

【Scientific research base】.

Whether it is in film and television works or literary works, almost every country will set up various mysterious bases.

For example, the so-called hidden dragon base,

TPC headquarters,

Dingxiang Building and so on.

But in reality.

Although it is not as mysterious as it is said in literary works, underground bases do exist.

For example, the most famous one is the Italian Gran Sasso Deep Underground Laboratory, abbreviated as LNGS.

The nickname "Lao Niang" makes trouble.

The old lady is making trouble, the environmental conditions of the Gran Sasso laboratory are very good, and it can be ranked among the top even in the world.

Its cosmic ray flux is one millionth of that on the ground, and its radioactive parameters are one thousandth of that on the ground. The total experimental area is 17,300 square meters.

It is also one of the world's leading laboratories for the study of matter stability, solar neutrinos and primordial magnetic monopoles, as well as numerous interdisciplinary research projects.

Except for LNGS.

The well-known Dussel deep underground laboratory across the sea.

It is an extension of Homestake's underground laboratory, located across the sea in the abandoned mineshaft of Black Hills, South Dakota.

The estimated depth after completion is about 2300m.

Another example is the neon anus. Kamioka laboratory.

This laboratory is also an old acquaintance of the previous book. Well, the old acquaintances of the rabbits.

Its neutrino experiment detector has a diameter of 33 meters and is composed of 11,000+ photomultiplier tubes. The experiment needs to be loaded with 50,000 tons of pure water to detect normally.

And even with such a large device, the number of neutrinos in the hundreds of trillions per day can only capture a dozen, and occasionally break two.

Its highest peak ever recorded was on December 13, 2015, when it caught 31 neutrinos.

So that day, the Kamioka neutrino experiment held a wave of friendship celebrations, BBQ and girls.

After drinking and eating, there was a wave of x-person activities involving more than 20 people, and it was exposed on the Internet.

Things like the x-man movement are quite unpopular in the next door, especially when such things break out in the system, it can be called a scandal.

After all, not everyone is Hilton's big princess, who can sell videos of herself applauding for love online.

So on the third day of setting a record.

More than half of this group of people took the blame and resigned, and it was a standard press conference + collective bow.

Craftsman spirit.JPG.

Do you think this is the end of the matter?

In fact, there is a follow-up.

Although the life of this group of scientific researchers is a bit messy, they lost their mind after drinking, and their skills are not low to be honest-many discoveries of neutrinos were made by Neon people.

Under such circumstances, such a group of top scientific researchers flowed out of the system, which attracted the attention of other countries almost instantly.

According to rumors in the industry, these people were divided up by Eagle, Rabbit and Bear in about two months.

So if you set your mind to it you will find it.

From 2015 onwards.

In the first or second work of neutrino-related papers of many institutions of Eagle Rabbit, the co-author signature of Neon people often appears.

alright.

Closer to home.

In addition to the above several underground laboratories.

Maple Leaf Country, Gaul and other countries also have their own underground laboratories.

And Rabbit, as a country that intends to develop scientific research capabilities, naturally has a similar underground laboratory.

The most mysterious and representative of the

It is undoubtedly the first underground laboratory in China:

Jinping Extremely Deep Underground Dark Matter Laboratory.

mentioned earlier.

At present, the physics community generally believes that although the total mass of dark matter is very large, its force is negligible.

In daily life, it hardly interacts with ordinary matter - because there is no electromagnetic interaction.

That is.

Even if countless dark matter passes through your body every day, you can't perceive it.

so what.

In order to directly detect dark matter, scientists designed a clever experiment:

Let atomic nuclei collide with dark matter, and study dark matter by detecting the signal generated by the collision.

But on the ground, it's not just the ubiquitous cosmic rays.

There are also a lot of strange things such as various radiations and mobile phone signals generated in life.

These things have seriously interfered with the detection of dark matter, making it difficult to effectively identify the signals produced by collisions.

So in this case.

The Jinping Extremely Deep Underground Dark Matter Laboratory was established.

The laboratory is hidden deep in the Jinpingshan Tunnel on the banks of the Yalong River in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The vertical rock cover thickness is as high as 2,400 meters, and it consists of two eight-kilometer-long internal tunnels.

inside the laboratory.

The flux of cosmic rays is only one-hundredth of that on the ground, and the experimental environment has reached the cleanliness of Class 100 and Class 1000.

It is also the "four most" underground laboratory with the largest space, the deepest coverage, the best shielding level, and the most complete supporting facilities in the world.

Of course.

It needs to be explained.

The so-called [2,400 meters underground] in the Jinping Underground Laboratory does not refer to the horizontal ground, but refers to the rock covering thickness as high as 2,400 meters above—similar to opening up a space inside the highest peak of Mount Qingcheng for research.

In fact, it is not only the Jinping underground laboratory.

The 1700-meter underground laboratories in other foreign countries also refer to the vertical rock cover thickness.

For example, the depth of the Dussel Deep Underground Laboratory across the sea mentioned earlier also refers to the thickness of the rock layer.

It's just that some ignorant marketing accounts exaggerate, and it has become 2,400 meters below the horizontal ground.

In fact, think about it.

The area of ​​this kind of laboratory starts at tens of thousands of square meters, and it is equipped with various sophisticated equipment.

If it is really built deep in the ground, not to mention the difficulty, the cost alone will be a ridiculously high figure.

Therefore, when going to the laboratory, there is no need to achieve any vertical elevator, as long as you reach the entrance of the tunnel, you can walk in-provided that you can pass each level first.

Of course.

This kind of barrier is aimed at ordinary people. In front of Lao Wang and his team of academicians, the so-called barrier is almost equal to nothing.

So soon.

Under the leadership of Ji Xiangdong.

More than 20 people successfully entered Jinping's underground laboratory.

As a result, I just walked into Gate 1.

A huge arched tunnel with a height of more than ten meters and a width of nearly twenty meters appeared in front of everyone.

At the same time, unlike other tunnels for vehicles, the interior decoration of this tunnel is very delicate. The ground and walls are clean and silvery white, and there is no trace of exposed concrete.

"At present, there are eight underground laboratories in the world with a depth of more than 1,000 meters. Our laboratory has the highest vertical depth."

Since the laboratory covers a wide area, it takes a lot of time to walk, so Ji Xiangdong consciously acts as a tour guide:

"The total length of the tunnel is eight kilometers, the vertical height is 17.5 meters, and it is sealed with a large number of special coatings."

"Our laboratory was officially unveiled at the end of 2010. In 2016, it was included in the "13th Five-Year Plan" for major national science and technology infrastructure, and then the surrounding area became lively."

Ji Xiangdong bit heavily on the word "lively", and Lu Chaoyang at the side quickly understood what he meant:

"Professor Ji, has there been a lot of so-called 'tourists' around since then?"

"That's right, one crop is like leeks."

Ji Xiangdong nodded, thought for a moment, and gave an example:

"It was probably around 16 years ago. At that time, a game called "Pokemon go" was released on the Internet."

"This game is very popular among young people. It is roughly a mode of catching elves offline through AR technology. In some places, some self-owned varieties will be created."

"At that time, the game was very popular, and then it was a 'coincidental' that a lot of rare Pokémon were spawned in the surrounding area of ​​our laboratory."

"That's why it was so lively at the time. Those who didn't know thought that Jiangnan was retreating here to write the finale of Dragon Clan."

Ji Xiangdong spoke lightly, but no one laughed at the scene.

Although old academicians like Mr. Wang may not know much about Pokémon and rare species due to their age.

But their life experience is a vivid history of the struggle of the technology industry. In the past few years, they have seen various means of foreigners.

These methods are soft and hard, covering all aspects of life.

Therefore, they may be a little out of touch cognitively, but they can fully understand what Ji Xiangdong wants to express emotionally.

Then Ji Xiangdong paused, and continued:

"More than a year ago, our laboratory pushed the measurement range of the key nuclear celestial reaction 19F20Ne to the lowest energy region in the world, and for the first time revealed the mystery of calcium abundance in the oldest stars in the universe. Everyone should know about this Right?” (doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05230-x)

this time.

Many old academicians also nodded.

This is the famous battle of Jinping underground laboratory.

Students who do not understand cosmology may not know.

in the universe.

There is a planet called SMSS0313-6708.

This is the oldest known extremely metal-poor star in the universe—although it looks similar to the number, its status is indeed extraordinary,

It is also known as a first generation star, Pop III star or protostar.

all the time.

The physics community has no clue about the origin of the calcium abundance of SMSS0313-6708, which makes it difficult for stellar evolution models to explain many astronomical observation data.

Results in early 2021.

Jinping Underground Laboratory used the intense proton beam provided by the accelerator to successfully push the breakthrough reaction down from the previous 240keV to the 186keV energy point, touching the Gamow energy region of the first-generation star.

And luckily found a new resonance at 225keV.

Around the temperature of 0.1GK, which is most interesting for first-generation stars.

The discovery of this new resonance resulted in a breakthrough response rate 5.4 to 7.4 times greater than previously recommended in the NACRE database.

This discovery reduced the uncertainty of the reaction rate around the temperature of 0.1 GK from several orders of magnitude to about 50%, which greatly reduced the error introduced by the reaction rate in the calculation of the celestial body network.

This result reduced the origin of calcium abundance in SMSS0313-6708 to a very small area.

So that paper once became a hit in "natrue".

Then Ji Xiangdong led everyone around a corner, sighed, and continued:

"Within one month after the publication of the paper, the traffic flow of the Jinping Tunnel closest to us has doubled."

"Camping, outdoor adventures, and young couples playing field battles popped up one after another."

"Even one of our project team members was robbed by robbers at his home in Rongcheng."

talking.

The corner of Ji Xiangdong's mouth curled up in a mocking arc, and he spread his hands towards everyone:

"In 2021, Rongcheng, burglary, isn't it against harmony to put these three words together?"

"But unfortunately, it's true."

"Oh, by the way, isn't there a Jinping Hydropower Station with a dam height of more than 300 meters next to us? Its volume can also be ranked first in China."

"Almost every once in a while, our security department can find some small things in it."

"."

Listening to the situation introduced by Ji Xiangdong, everyone was silent.

Xu Yun also sighed in his heart.

As a member of Chengfei, although he was engaged in theoretical physics rather than military projects, he also knows how many eyes and ears there are across the sea in Sichuan and Sichuan.

all the time.

The land of Sichuan and Shu is a key area coveted by XXism.

For example, the previous consulate in China was located in Rongcheng.

This is not to say that the people of Sichuan and Shu are easy to be corrupted, but because the strategic value of Sichuan and Shu is too high.

With the deep layout of the third line back then, Sichuan and Shu now have a strong reserve force:

Sichuan and Chongqing have a population of about 120 million and have a complete higher education system that can train high-level talents;

There are many scientific research institutes, including the most cutting-edge nuclear physics research institutions, which can manufacture all existing nuclear weapons;

There is a huge scientific research infrastructure, such as wind tunnel groups, including hypersonic shock wave wind tunnel;

There are a large number of heavy industries, including Erzhong, Chengfei, Dongqi and conventional military industrial groups, which can produce cutting-edge weapons such as 10 or even 20;

In addition, Sichuan and Chongqing also have aerospace bases that can launch satellites;

Even more frightening.

The heavy industry in Sichuan and Chongqing also has its own raw material base. PZH produces vanadium and titanium steel, which is transported to Chengdu and other places by railway.

So it can be said that.

No matter how dire the situation is.

As long as Sichuan and Chongqing are still there.

It can recycle itself without relying on external resources, and continuously transport materials and soldiers to theaters outside Sichuan.

The industrialization of the Chinese nation is still advancing and will not be interrupted.

So all the time.

Both Sichuan and Chongqing are the focus of XXism.

The Jinping underground laboratory is the most important thing to pay attention to.

Seeing that the atmosphere is a bit dull.

Ji Xiangdong thought for a while, then changed the subject again:

"Okay, everyone, let's not talk about the past, let me introduce to you some of the current situation of our laboratory."

"The position we are in now is an auxiliary experimental platform on the ground, which is mainly responsible for some data management, analysis and component processing-didn't I say it before, the Jinping Hydropower Station is near us, and the cost of hydroelectric power is very cheap, so the configuration of the computer room is also very important. It's huge."

"Under our feet, there are three major modules: the underground ultra-low background analysis and test platform, the ultra-low radiation background shielding platform, and the underground laboratory comprehensive operation support platform."

"As for the subdivision below the module, I won't introduce much. It's roughly the measurement device of the microbeck level, as well as the large-scale cryogenic liquid nitrogen radiation shielding device and so on."

During the conversation.

Ji Xiangdong led the crowd through a blue and white simple house located inside the tunnel.

There are three floors of simple houses, and there are about nine rooms on each floor. You can see that the lights of several houses are on.

"This is the rest room of our above-ground experimental platform, and it can be regarded as a temporary residence for researchers."

Ji Xiangdong came to the side of the simple house and touched the outer wall of the simple house:

"The above-ground laboratory uses groundwater as a cooling source for temperature control. The experimental hall is kept at about 25 degrees Celsius, and the ambient humidity is generally less than 65%."

"At the same time, there are airtight doors installed at the connection between here and the tunnels, so there is no need to worry about affecting the cleanliness."

"Although our laboratory has set up guest houses and hotels, everyone knows about scientific research, and it is impossible to be too comfortable."

"Here, the room on the far right on the third floor is my nearest shack."

I don't know if it's because of the loud voice.

Not long after Ji Xiangdong finished speaking, a young man's head popped out from the room closest to everyone.

This person's hair was a little messy, he was wearing pajamas, and his expression looked dazed, as if he had just woken up.

Seeing that it was Ji Xiangdong, he said hello to Professor Ji, then yawned again and returned to the room.

There were also faint grunting sounds from the other nearby simple houses.

I don't know if they didn't wake up in the morning, or they just finished some tasks and fell asleep.

See this situation.

Everyone subconsciously slowed down their movements and walked carefully through the simple house.

Then everyone went straight all the way, and soon came to the No. 2 auxiliary channel.

Although the depth of the Jinping underground laboratory is not as exaggerated as 2,400 meters, not all areas are above the water level.

And the connecting port to the next floor is three auxiliary channels.

In addition to the three modules introduced by Ji Xiangdong, the underground of the laboratory is also divided into four laboratory halls according to their functions.

The first is Lab Hall A.

It is mainly responsible for astrophysics, and the refinement is divided into two areas, A1 and A2.

Then there is Lab Hall B.

Mainly responsible for the shielding of normal temperature water in the dark matter physics experiment, subdivided into B1, B2, B3 and B4.

Next is Lab Hall C.

Responsible for the low-temperature liquid xenon shielding in dark matter physics experiments, subdivided into C1 and C2.

Finally, there is the test hall D.

Among them, D2 is responsible for the neutrino experiment, and D1 is classified.

The combined area of ​​the four laboratory halls exceeds 40,000 square meters.

The regulations for this kind of scientific research base are very strict. If there are no relevant procedures, even academicians will find it difficult to go to other laboratories.

So after leaving the auxiliary channel.

Ji Xiangdong led everyone straight to the test hall B.

However, when passing the entrance of laboratory A2, Ji Xiangdong hesitated for a moment, and still revealed a message to everyone:

"Here, I can reveal something that is not particularly confidential. If there is no accident, it is not clear how long it will be after a while. In short, there will be a new achievement in astrophysics in the near future."

"New results?"

Academician Pan looked at his good friend with some curiosity, and there was a trace of curiosity in his eyes, and asked:

"Old Ji, can you tell me more about it?"

Ji Xiangdong shook his head:

"In short, it has something to do with the evolution of the stars. Don't let me talk too much about the specifics. You will know when the time comes."

Academician Pan said thoughtfully, but didn't ask any further questions.

As the current leader in the domestic amount of credit, he is still very clear about these rules.

If so many academicians can't say it, then it is indeed classified as confidential.

Afterwards, Ji Xiangdong took the crowd for a short distance, and finally came to a silver-white laboratory.

The entrance to this laboratory is somewhat similar to the door of the victory team headquarters in Ultraman Tiga. It is more than two meters high and consists of two metal door panels that can be opened and closed.

After swiping the card, iris, and fingerprint to unlock.

The crowd quickly entered.

Laboratory B1.

The interior of laboratory B1 is a closed space with open ground but limited height. The floor height is estimated to be only seven or eight meters, and the ground is a circle with a diameter of about 50 meters.

More critically.

The ground that everyone is stepping on is transparent below.

That's right.

transparent.

Visible through transparent compartment.

A hemispherical object is placed in the area on the lower level. Small protrusions with a diameter of about 30 centimeters are densely distributed on the surface of the object—specifically, it can be imagined as a eating bowl turned upside down on the table. The bottom was covered with a piece of paper, and everyone stood on this piece of paper.

As for those fine and small bumps, students with dense phobias are not recommended to imagine.

It was still Ji Xiangdong who introduced:

"As you can see, this device is the PandaX sub-item of the CJPLI project, and it is also the module I am in charge of now."

While talking, Ji Xiangdong came to the middle of the ground and stepped hard on the transparent compartment:

"The following is the dark matter detector we use. The target material is a 4,000-ton water-based liquid scintillator, which can detect CNO solar neutrinos at a significant level of 5σ."

"4,000 tons of liquid flash, which can be ranked among the top three in the world."

"For example, in the Borexino neutrino experiment of the Italian Gran Sasso National Laboratory, the target material of the Borexino detector is 278 tons of high-purity liquid scintillation + 1,000 tons of pure organic solvent buffer + 2,400 tons of ultra-high-purity water."

"Although the total mass is not much different from 4,000 tons, it is at least 4 gears behind us in terms of magnitude."

I heard this.

An old academician with a cane and gray hair raised his hand:

"Chicken, if your equipment captures neutrinos, how much can you capture in a year?"

Ji Xiangdong thought for a while, and quickly reported a number:

"According to the values ​​of previous years, we can provide more than 100 earth neutrinos every year—at least 100."

I heard this.

Including Mr. Wang, all the big shots nodded slightly.

The main research direction of Jinping's basement laboratory is dark matter, and the research of neutrinos is not the primary focus-this can be seen from the full name.

There are currently two domestic bases specializing in neutrinos, namely the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experimental Base and the Jiangmen Neutrino Experimental Station.

These two professional bases can even reach 20,000 tons in liquid flash, and the number of neutrinos captured is almost the same as that of Kamioka.

certainly.

Quantity is only referred to here.

There is indeed a big gap between us and Little Life in neutrino research. This gap belongs to the accumulation of achievements, and it cannot be made up for by meeting the accuracy standards.

Facing the gap and trying to catch up, this is the correct approach.

all in all.

The C1 laboratory can capture 100 earth neutrinos under the condition of 4000 tons of liquid flash, and this efficiency can be regarded as very high.

Then Ji Xiangdong pointed to his right side and continued:

"As for our next door is Mizuki's CDEX cooperation group, led by Professor Yue Qian, who is the current director of the Physical Science Department of our laboratory."

"However, the 'Pangu' 10-kilogram high-purity germanium detector system that Professor Yue Qian is in charge of is now in a critical period. During this period, I can't get away from him for a while, so I ask everyone to apologize."

Everyone expressed their understanding very kindly.

Both CDEX and PandaX belong to one of the two sub-items of the first phase of the CJPLI project of Jinping Laboratory, and they are also the only two sub-items.

The former is codenamed Pangu.

The latter is codenamed Panda.

Among them, the high-purity germanium detector, the core device of the Shuimu University project team, is also the world's first kilogram-level point electrode high-purity germanium detector.

It can carry out dark matter detection research in light-mass regions in the hot energy region of dark matter research with a mass less than 10GeV.

Year 2014.

The CDEX experimental group obtained the most sensitive experimental results of similar detectors in the energy region below 10GeV, excluding the area where dark matter exists that the CoGeNT experimental group on the opposite side of the sea has claimed for many years.

Well, then the Shuimu campus network was attacked a few days later.

However, CDEX’s equipment is not so big. Its prototype is only one ton, and its appearance looks like public toilets commonly found in parks.

PandaX Well.

It is based on liquid xenon technology.

When dark matter collides with xenon atoms, the xenon atoms will emit light and generate free electrons, which is also a very feasible idea.

One of the reasons why neutrinos are called hot dark matter is that they have a probability of colliding with xenon atoms to emit light-but the probability is very low.

Today, Ji Xiangdong and others are planning to use the detection method.

Naturally, it is liquid flashing.