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Ganzhou.

Chen Maosheng first went to see Fei Ruhe, then went to see the prefect Liu Anfeng, and finally summoned the missionary officer and the backbone of the farmers' association.

The news I got is very troublesome, Hakka is not that easy to learn!

The Hakka dialects in the southern Jiangxi region alone can be roughly divided into three types. Although they can communicate with each other, they are very unfriendly to outsiders who have just started learning.

"We should be responsible for the missionary work in Ganzhou," said Li Xiaoyi, who is in charge of missionary work in Ganzhou. "We should learn the Hakka language, but we must also recruit local Hakkas. Within one or two years, the missionary work and land distribution in southern Gansu will have to be completed. We can only proceed by relying on the Hakka people. Some of the Hakka people can already speak Jiangxi dialect, and they can also read and write."

Chen Maosheng asked: "In addition to wealthy tenants and low-level tenants, are there also Hakka small landowners and homesteaders in Southern Jiangxi?"

"Yes, and there are quite a lot of them," Li Xiaoyi said. "I would like to suggest that some small Hakka landowners should not divide their fields for the time being, even if they exceed one hundred acres."

"Why is that so?" Chen Maosheng frowned.

Li Xiaoyi said: "I have discovered a very unexpected phenomenon after visiting the countryside. In many villages, the entire village is full of Hakka people. Especially those remote villages, they have moved from Fujian and Guangdong for decades, and they have earned their property entirely by clearing up wasteland. . These lands are relatively barren. They used to be barren hills and mountains. They were able to carve them out with hoeing and hoeing, and there was no attempt to exploit the tenants."

Well, this is different from what Wei Jiaju said. It seems that the situation in Nangan is more complicated than imagined.

"Are there any big landowners in these remote villages?" Chen Maosheng asked.

Li Xiaoyi shook his head and said: "There are no big landowners. They migrated from Fujian and Guangdong, and the roads were rough and the mountains and rivers were poor. It only took a hundred years to open up wasteland. How can there be any big landowners? Most of the remote villages in the mountains are homesteaders and small landowners. Land needs to be divided. Moreover, there are very few landowners with more than 100 acres, almost negligible."

Chen Maosheng said: "I have to send someone to ask the town for instructions."

After chatting with the missionary officer, Chen Maosheng went to see Zou Weilian and Liu Huan again.

In the original time and space, Zou Weilian should have died of illness last year. He made great achievements in Fujian, but was framed by Wen Tiren and dismissed from office. After Wen Tiren fell, Emperor Chongzhen remembered him, and when he inquired, he found that Zou Weilian had passed away.

Many ministers are like this. They live a good life without resigning from office. However, they die of illness within a year or two after retiring from office and returning home.

The same was true for Wen Tiren, who was active and lively when he was in court, but died of illness the year after he was dismissed from office.

At least now it seems that Zou Weilian is disease-free and has at least ten or eight years left to live.

Zou Liangyi introduced: "Father, this is Mr. Chen Maosheng, the missionary secretary."

"Mr. Zou, nice to meet you!" Chen Maosheng said with cupped hands.

Zou Weilian raised his hand to return the salute, his movements were a little forced, and his smile was also a little forced.

Chen Maosheng cupped his hands again and said, "I have met Mr. Liu."

"Nice to meet you." Liu Huan was very natural, and his attitude was ambiguous, never saying whether he was willing to join him.

The only trace left by Liu Huan, the magistrate of Ganzhou in the Ming Dynasty, in historical materials is the inscription on the plaque of Kongtong Temple in Ganzhou.

While drinking tea and chatting, Zou Weilian was always in a low mood.

Finally, Chen Maosheng asked: "I would like to ask you two gentlemen, what is the situation of the Hakka people in southern Jiangxi?"

Zou Weilian pointed at Liu Huan: "You should ask him about this."

Liu Huan smiled and said: "I am not talented. I am originally from Guangdong and I am a Hakka."

Chen Maosheng said quickly: "Please give me some advice, Mr. Liu."

Liu Huan recounted: "The migration of Hakkas to the south began in the Jin Dynasty. Many of the Hakkas in southern Jiangxi moved from Fujian and Guangdong in the late Song Dynasty. After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, a large number of Hakkas in southern Jiangxi moved back to Fujian and Guangdong. "

"Why did they move back in the past hundred years?" Chen Maosheng asked.

Liu Huan explained: "During the Jiajing period, Japanese pirates attacked and a large number of coastal people moved inland, resulting in more people and less land in eastern Guangdong and western Fujian. It happened that due to war in southern Jiangxi, a large number of people dispersed. The Hakka people in eastern Guangdong and western Fujian , so they moved to southern Gansu in groups."

There is another situation that Wei Jiaju has not explained clearly.

After Wang Yangming and other ministers suppressed the bandits, especially the invasion of foreign soldiers from other provinces, many villages in southern Jiangxi were deserted, and landowners fled to settle in counties.

Hakka people moved in from whole villages, and some of them became rich as tenants, and they mainly turned against customers, forming today's wealthy tenants. After hundreds of years of development, many wealthy tenants have transformed into large landowners, so there are also conflicts between landlords and tenants among the Hakka people.

Some of the Hakkas who immigrated during the mid-to-late Jiajing period became tenant farmers, while more of them went to open up wasteland and cultivate land and became small landowners and self-cultivators.

The conflict between natives and guests at this time was actually not particularly intense, because until the Qianlong period, Hakkas from Fujian and Guangdong had been moving back to southern Jiangxi.

As for the reason why a large number of Hakka people moved to Jiangxi in the early Qing Dynasty, it was of course caused by war.

The natives and Hakkas of southern Jiangxi, landlords and tenants, put aside their conflicts and resisted the Qing Dynasty together. Take Shangyou County as an example. The anti-Qing movement continued until the Kangxi period, and the people here were almost wiped out!

According to the "Shangyou County Chronicle": "From the 13th year of Kangxi to the present (Qianlong), there are no people left, the four walls are empty, and the lonely city is a barren mountain."

Therefore, after the middle and late Qing Dynasty, more and more Hakkas moved in, and it was then that the conflict between natives and Hakkas reached its peak.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, many Hakkas in southern Jiangxi were still working hard to get rich and reclaiming wasteland deeper into the mountains.

It also caused a series of environmental problems. They cut down forests, cut rocks for mining, and caused severe soil erosion.

Liu Huan reminded: "There are many mountains in southern Jiangxi but little land. If you just open up the mountains, you won't be able to grow much food. Instead, after the rains, landslides occur frequently. When you govern southern Jiangxi, you should order the mountain people to plant more tobacco, camellia oleifera, tung oil, and lacquer trees." Waiting for crops.”

"I've learned a lesson." Chen Maosheng said with his hands in hand.

In Jiangxi at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Hakka people developed barbarically and opened up wasteland everywhere to grow food, which gave the government a headache.

However, the Hakka people did not abide by the government's ban at all. It was not until disasters occurred frequently that they paid attention to it, and thus formed an economic zone for camellia oleifera, tung oil trees, and tobacco in southern Jiangxi, using artificial forests to replace natural mountain forests.

Zou Weilian did not want to serve Zhao Han, but he could not serve as an official in the Ming Dynasty, so he simply went to teach in Ji'an Mansion.

However, Liu Huan, the prefect of Ganzhou in the Ming Dynasty, changed his name to Liu Yu and stayed, and was specially hired by Chen Maosheng as an aide.

As an official of the Ming Dynasty, Liu Huan could not do anything and could not implement policies. He could only chant scriptures and study Buddhism all day long.

After being hired by Chen Maosheng, he seemed to have a second life, and he offered more than ten suggestions that month.

This man could also speak Hakka and became Chen Maosheng's portable translator.

Zhao Han also gave a reply. If the Hakka people in remote villages really get rich by hard work and reclaiming wasteland, each person can reserve one hundred acres of land. However, the limit of one hundred acres must not be exceeded, and families with more than ten people must divide the property among their families!

Because of Liu Huan's help, Chen Maosheng recruited many local poor people into the missionary team, and the work of dividing the fields around Ganzhou City went very smoothly.

But after entering the mountainous area, we immediately encountered many difficulties.

Those Hakka people did not want to settle down at all. They had always been in a state of refugees, and they banded together to resist the imperial tax collection.

To them, Ming Dynasty was the imperial court, and Zhao Han was also the imperial court.

The farmers' association was unable to carry out its work because they owned their own land and obtained it from land reclamation, so they did not need Zhao Han's favor at all.

what to do?

To put it crudely, it is to directly kill people to establish authority and forcefully establish household registrations by force, but this seems to conflict with the theory of Datong.

Chen Maosheng can only continue to ask Zhao Han for instructions, and policy adjustments must be approved.

Zhao Han's reply was very direct. Since the Hakkas in the mountains refused to settle in the government and pay taxes to the government, then they did not belong to the people under the rule.

All trade can be cut off, and anyone buying salt must show their household registration. If the illegal salt dealer is caught, he will be beheaded immediately and the whole family will sit down together! If a salt shop is found selling salt to homeless persons, a heavy fine will be imposed and the salt sales qualification will be permanently revoked.

Merchants are prohibited from purchasing any goods in the mountains and will be severely fined if discovered!

At the mountain market, people are regularly patrolled and household registrations are randomly checked. Once a person is found to have no household registration, he is immediately arrested and worked as a labor force, and his family members spend money to redeem him.

It seems like tyranny, but compared to directly sending troops, it already seems very benevolent.

Who made those mountain people refuse to even register for residence?

The civil affairs work in the southern Jiangxi area will probably last two or three years, and will most likely lead to riots, so troops must be stationed for a long time.

"well!"

Zhao Han put down the letter sent by Chen Maosheng and felt a pain in his head.

This is the first time that rural work has encountered setbacks since the incident began. Zhao Han even agreed not to divide the land of those mountain people, allowing them to keep one hundred acres of land, but they still refused to surrender and just wanted to be "wild people" in the mountains for generations to come.

Zhao Han tried to analyze the main contradiction and found it ridiculous.

The main contradiction is that the Hakka people who have moved into the mountains to reclaim wasteland have only moved to Jiangxi for a few decades. Although their lives are very difficult, they are relatively stable. Moreover, we can continue to cultivate wasteland, and there will be no conflicts between man and land for the time being, and there will be no class oppression. Zhao Han's rule over them is the greatest oppression and the greatest contradiction. They are unwilling to pay taxes to Zhao Han!

However, there are mountains everywhere in southern Jiangxi, and there are mountain people everywhere.

Even if the missionary officers learn the Hakka language, and even if Hakkas join the missionary team, they can only effectively rule in the mountainous areas near the city and the flat areas along the river for the time being.

In the mountains, we can't control it for the time being.

No wonder Nangan gave the Ming Dynasty a headache, and no wonder Nangan made the Qing helpless. The situation here was too complicated.

We cannot just rely on economic sanctions, we must also induce them with benefits and show them kindness. Only in this way can we achieve results by combining kindness and force.

After Zhao Han thought carefully, he wrote another letter to Chen Maosheng, which read: Select mountain residents who are willing to settle down, issue them a license, and allow them to buy fifty kilograms of salt per month and sell two hundred kilograms of mountain goods every month.

If these people get rich, it depends on whether other mountain people can sit still!

Blind sanctions will only make the mountain people share the same hatred, and they must be divided internally.

Southern Gansu must be managed well, because Zhao Han's development route is to occupy the entire territory of Jiangxi and then capture Fujian and Guangdong, and Southern Gansu is a necessary place connecting Fujian and Guangdong.